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USD exch. rate to the ruble Personal services Goods heavily dependent on exchange rate movements Health services Goods weakly dependent on exchange rate movements Inflation

exchange rate of the ruble was 50% higher than in 2021 and 14% higher than the 2013 average (the previous record-high of the real exchange

Exchange Rate of US Dollar Against Ruble*.......................................................................................................... 62 3.2.2. Official Exchange Rate of Euro Against Ruble*.................................................................................................................. 64 3.2.3. Official Exchange Rate:

a floating exchange rate, which reflects all trends in imports and exports. The exchange rate depends on the balance of payments. The exchange rate has

sharply in March. This was supported by the dynamics of the ruble exchange rate and generally subdued consumer demand. An additional disinflationary factor was the

statistics for labour market indicators and inflation, as well as the ruble exchange rate for 2013 Q1–2021 Q2. The consumer price index (CPI, QoQ

channel), and maintain the ruble exchange rate stability (foreign exchange channel).2 Through any of these channels, growth in market rates constrains demand, while their

lags, the disinflationary effects of the exchange rate dynamics remain. RUBLE EXCHANGE RATE AGAINST FOREIGN Chart 9 RUBLE EXCHANGE RATE AGAINST FOREIGN Chart 10 CURRENCIES

Exchange Rate of US Dollar Against Ruble*.......................................................................................................... 62 3.2.2. Official Exchange Rate of Euro Against Ruble*.................................................................................................................. 64 3.2.3. Official Exchange Rate:

I + , S = + 4*Un + , S = + 5*Sl + , 13 Dynamics of the ruble exchange rate. ’Head of the Department of Monetary Policy of the Central Bank