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2017, that reduction took three years. Beyond inflation targeting, the floating ruble exchange rate and compliance with the fiscal rule throughout those three years were

2022 RUONIA RUSFAR Bank of Russia key rate Interest rate corridor Sources: Bank of Russia, PJSC Moscow Exchange. RUONIA VOLUMES IN 2022 H2 Chart 2

Exchange Rate of US Dollar Against Ruble*.......................................................................................................... 60 3.2.2. Official Exchange Rate of Euro Against Ruble*.................................................................................................................. 62 3.2.3. Official Exchange Rate:

Potential growth exchange and levies balance yearly interest rate petroleum rate -Brent crude -Core CPI, products) -Real yearly -World food exchange prices rate gap -International

during the pandemic Why industrial companies are shunning investment: survey results Shock-Dependent Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Russia The nature of companies’ inflation expectations: survey results

the summer and autumn, are holding back the pass-through of the current exchange rate weakening. The goods of brands little known to Russian consumers since

restrictions can further weaken demand for Russian exports, contributing to inflation through exchange rate movements. Moreover, the increasing complexity of production, supply chains and payments

futures contracts on the RTS Index, Russian issuers’ shares, the USD/RUB exchange rate, and Brent crude with various expiration dates (97 contracts in total

and electronic devices. In these conditions, despite the fluctuations of the ruble exchange rate, price growth might be moderate until consumer demand bounces back and

not imply that we are going to influence the exchange rate this way. The exchange rate remains floating. Speaking of the possible transfer of Russian