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million and actual expenses on the services provided by the 52 exchange and the rating agency. 53 Up to 70% of the Bank of Russia

Exchange Rate of US Dollar Against Ruble*.......................................................................................................... 74 3.2.2. Official Exchange Rate of Euro Against Ruble*.................................................................................................................. 76 3.2.3. Official Exchange Rate:

beginning of this year. ** SAAR – seasonally adjusted annualised rate. Sources: InFOM, Rosstat, Bank of Russia, Interfax, Moscow Exchange. Inflation Expectations and Consumer Sentiment 3 No.

USD/RUB exchange rate spread calculated based on the over-the-counter quotations and the cross rate calculated using USD/CNY and USD/CNH exchange rates was

and precious metals is converted to rubles using the period average USDRUB exchange rate. Source: Bank of Russia. Russia’s balance of payments indicators in

of the most important indicators – for instance, inflation rates, lending, business inflation expectations, the ruble exchange rate, and budget expenditures – that would help accurately predict

3. Median CPI (% MoM SAAR) and US % MoM SAAR dollar to ruble exchange rate (%) 32 12 28 24 8 20 4 16 12 0 8

by complicated logistics and a weaker ruble compared to the 2023 average exchange rate. Imports of goods were in part moderated by growth in domestic

variables for a part of observable variables. For instance, the variables for exchange rate growth and reserve changes are static and are excluded from the

The exchange rate regime: a fixed exchange rate regime in a country creates prerequisites for growth in imports amid strengthening of the real exchange rate,