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this reassessment. The domestic foreign exchange market has largely stabilised, and ruble exchange rate volatility this year is at its lowest since 2022. First, tight

only be possible no earlier than 2029. Floating exchange rate of the ruble A floating exchange rate smooths out the impact of external factors on

9 Floating exchange rate of the ruble The Bank of Russia pursues a floating exchange rate regime. This means that the exchange rates of foreign

preparing the Monetary Policy Guidelines; economic modelling and forecasting; 9 setting official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the ruble; compiling and approving the statistical

a stronger ruble as compared to last year’s levels. EXCHANGE RATE The ruble exchange rate against the main currencies had been fluctuating within broadly

households. 11 Monetary Conditions and Monetary Transmission • Exchange rate (foreign exchange channel) In October, the monthly average exchange rate of the ruble against the US

and precious metals is converted to rubles using the period average USDRUB exchange rate. Source: Bank of Russia. RUSSIA’S BALANCE OF PAYMENTS INDICATORS IN

Exchange Rate of US Dollar Against Ruble*.......................................................................................................... 85 3.2.2. Official Exchange Rate of Euro Against Ruble*.................................................................................................................. 87 3.2.3. Official Exchange Rate:

the demand for foreign currency barely changed. As a result, the ruble exchange rate remained within the range of fluctuations recorded over the past six

multiplicatively and, as a rule, to low risk ratios. 17 At the exchange rate as of 1 October 2025. 18 In accordance with Bank of