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days. From 4 through 30 April 2020, except Saturdays and Sundays, official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble and official prices for

by changes in foreign exchange rates Gold price changes 20.8 against the US dollar and the decrease in the Exchange rates changes -13.0

10 AND GROWING GEOPOLITICAL TENSIONS (02.01.2018 = 100) Exchange rates in advanced economies* Exchange rates in emerging market economies* 110 120 110 105 100

these correspond to wedges In small open economies, observable exogenous shocks (real exchange rates/interest rates) have been studied at least since Mendoza (1995) Relative

averages for G7 economies plus China based on rolling GDP and PPP exchange rates. Sources: Borio and Disyatat (2014), updated. Restricted 22 ANNEX Restricted 23

Inflation targeting Active inflation Liquidity Transition deadline Key rate introduced Floating exchange announced targeting management set rate introduced Dec. 2017 Dec. 2018 Dec. 2019 communications

by depreciating exchange rate Sterilized FX intervention by selling FX to buy bonds relaxes ELB Positive effect of QE prevails over exchange rate appreciation Forward

calculations of the values (limits) of open currency positions) at the official exchange rate of the respective currency, set by the Bank of Russia as

Russian Federation over the course of the reporting period. Floating exchange rate regime An exchange rate regime where the central bank establishes no targets, including

coronavirus pandemic? ELVIRA NABIULLINA: We have a floating rate. We do not comment on the exchange rate. But again, there is no threshold, either psychological